1
00:00:03,830 --> 00:00:01,990
many people would claim that the craft

2
00:00:06,150 --> 00:00:03,840
or uaps are potentially using

3
00:00:07,749 --> 00:00:06,160
anti-gravity technology that's something

4
00:00:09,350 --> 00:00:07,759
that's quite common would it be

5
00:00:11,350 --> 00:00:09,360
pertinent for people like yourself in

6
00:00:14,070 --> 00:00:11,360
the galileo project to look for

7
00:00:15,990 --> 00:00:14,080
signatures like gravitational waves and

8
00:00:18,950 --> 00:00:16,000
could you potentially track these using

9
00:00:21,429 --> 00:00:18,960
ligo or other laser interferometers

10
00:00:22,310 --> 00:00:21,439
okay so let me first say what is known

11
00:00:24,630 --> 00:00:22,320
uh

12
00:00:25,670 --> 00:00:24,640
in terms of the current science that we

13
00:00:27,349 --> 00:00:25,680
know about

14
00:00:28,870 --> 00:00:27,359
first of all

15
00:00:31,830 --> 00:00:28,880
according to einstein's theory of

16
00:00:33,830 --> 00:00:31,840
gravity you can get

17
00:00:35,830 --> 00:00:33,840
repulsive gravity

18
00:00:38,310 --> 00:00:35,840
and in fact

19
00:00:39,990 --> 00:00:38,320
you get it when the vacuum

20
00:00:43,030 --> 00:00:40,000
you know the vacuum is what what you

21
00:00:45,750 --> 00:00:43,040
have when you remove all the matter so

22
00:00:47,990 --> 00:00:45,760
when the vacuum itself has some mass

23
00:00:49,430 --> 00:00:48,000
density mass per unit volume or energy

24
00:00:51,750 --> 00:00:49,440
per unit volume

25
00:00:53,830 --> 00:00:51,760
it you can show that that in in the

26
00:00:54,709 --> 00:00:53,840
context of einstein's theory of gravity

27
00:00:58,150 --> 00:00:54,719
that

28
00:00:59,750 --> 00:00:58,160
gives you a repulsive force and actually

29
00:01:02,150 --> 00:00:59,760
we observe it

30
00:01:03,990 --> 00:01:02,160
so einstein thought well it's a mistake

31
00:01:05,670 --> 00:01:04,000
of my theory that

32
00:01:07,830 --> 00:01:05,680
you know it gives this

33
00:01:09,429 --> 00:01:07,840
so-called cosmological constant you know

34
00:01:10,630 --> 00:01:09,439
that has to do with the energy of the

35
00:01:12,710 --> 00:01:10,640
vacuum

36
00:01:14,789 --> 00:01:12,720
he thought oh i should get rid of it

37
00:01:16,630 --> 00:01:14,799
because otherwise you know

38
00:01:18,710 --> 00:01:16,640
you know he was thinking about it just

39
00:01:20,070 --> 00:01:18,720
to balance the expansion of the universe

40
00:01:22,230 --> 00:01:20,080
at the time he thought the universe

41
00:01:23,910 --> 00:01:22,240
doesn't expand so he thought having a

42
00:01:26,230 --> 00:01:23,920
repulsive force

43
00:01:29,429 --> 00:01:26,240
of gravity balancing the attractive

44
00:01:30,870 --> 00:01:29,439
force of matter would make the universe

45
00:01:32,550 --> 00:01:30,880
static

46
00:01:34,630 --> 00:01:32,560
not expanding if you have a perfect

47
00:01:36,230 --> 00:01:34,640
balance between the two forces

48
00:01:38,789 --> 00:01:36,240
but then he realized he was wrong

49
00:01:41,670 --> 00:01:38,799
because edwin hubble

50
00:01:43,990 --> 00:01:41,680
argued the universe is expanding and and

51
00:01:45,510 --> 00:01:44,000
einstein said oh that was a mistake i i

52
00:01:47,670 --> 00:01:45,520
shouldn't have thought about this

53
00:01:49,510 --> 00:01:47,680
repulsive gravity but it turns out that

54
00:01:51,510 --> 00:01:49,520
it exists and in fact even though the

55
00:01:53,830 --> 00:01:51,520
universe is expanding

56
00:01:56,310 --> 00:01:53,840
its expansion is accelerating

57
00:01:59,190 --> 00:01:56,320
recently and that means that there is

58
00:02:01,670 --> 00:01:59,200
something pushing galaxies apart

59
00:02:02,310 --> 00:02:01,680
uh a repulsive gravitational force which

60
00:02:06,389 --> 00:02:02,320
is

61
00:02:09,669 --> 00:02:06,399
cosmological constant the vacuum energy

62
00:02:11,830 --> 00:02:09,679
density and so it exists we know of that

63
00:02:13,190 --> 00:02:11,840
uh what is the nature of the vacuum

64
00:02:15,030 --> 00:02:13,200
energy that is

65
00:02:17,110 --> 00:02:15,040
causing this expansion

66
00:02:18,949 --> 00:02:17,120
you know where does it come from from a

67
00:02:21,750 --> 00:02:18,959
fundamental physics point of view we

68
00:02:23,830 --> 00:02:21,760
don't really understand that okay but

69
00:02:26,790 --> 00:02:23,840
the existence of a repulsive gravity

70
00:02:28,790 --> 00:02:26,800
anti-gravity is known to to be real

71
00:02:30,150 --> 00:02:28,800
because that the nobel prize was awarded

72
00:02:32,150 --> 00:02:30,160
for that and

73
00:02:33,910 --> 00:02:32,160
for the discovery of the accelerated

74
00:02:35,670 --> 00:02:33,920
expansion of the universe

75
00:02:37,350 --> 00:02:35,680
uh so the universe is not only expanding

76
00:02:39,830 --> 00:02:37,360
it's expanding with a speed that is

77
00:02:42,229 --> 00:02:39,840
increasing over time as if something is

78
00:02:45,350 --> 00:02:42,239
pushing everything apart and that

79
00:02:48,150 --> 00:02:45,360
happens uh only in recent

80
00:02:50,070 --> 00:02:48,160
history uh if you go back in time at

81
00:02:52,229 --> 00:02:50,080
early on the density of metal was so

82
00:02:54,949 --> 00:02:52,239
large much larger than the density of

83
00:02:56,949 --> 00:02:54,959
the vacuum the matter the matter density

84
00:02:59,110 --> 00:02:56,959
dominated the the radiation density

85
00:03:01,110 --> 00:02:59,120
dominated and at that point gravity was

86
00:03:03,350 --> 00:03:01,120
attractive so it's only a recent

87
00:03:05,589 --> 00:03:03,360
phenomena over the past

88
00:03:08,149 --> 00:03:05,599
half of the age of the universe that

89
00:03:10,630 --> 00:03:08,159
matter and radiation were diluted enough

90
00:03:13,110 --> 00:03:10,640
for the vacuum to take over and dominate

91
00:03:15,910 --> 00:03:13,120
and and show this accelerated expansion

92
00:03:16,710 --> 00:03:15,920
before that it wasn't really important

93
00:03:18,470 --> 00:03:16,720
uh

94
00:03:19,509 --> 00:03:18,480
except maybe very early on in the

95
00:03:22,149 --> 00:03:19,519
universe

96
00:03:24,149 --> 00:03:22,159
okay so that's what we know now

97
00:03:27,910 --> 00:03:24,159
uh that doesn't mean that we can

98
00:03:30,869 --> 00:03:27,920
manipulate the vacuum and sort of uh

99
00:03:32,789 --> 00:03:30,879
engineer it to propel things

100
00:03:34,789 --> 00:03:32,799
uh based on what we know we don't know

101
00:03:36,070 --> 00:03:34,799
how to do that let's put it that way we

102
00:03:39,589 --> 00:03:36,080
don't know how to

103
00:03:42,470 --> 00:03:39,599
sort of excavate the vacuum and and and

104
00:03:44,710 --> 00:03:42,480
you know use it for propulsion uh but

105
00:03:45,589 --> 00:03:44,720
that doesn't mean that it cannot be done

106
00:03:47,430 --> 00:03:45,599
i mean

107
00:03:49,430 --> 00:03:47,440
perhaps

108
00:03:51,910 --> 00:03:49,440
a more advanced scientific civilization

109
00:03:54,710 --> 00:03:51,920
would be able to do that so i wouldn't

110
00:03:57,589 --> 00:03:54,720
rule it out it's just that we don't have

111
00:03:59,589 --> 00:03:57,599
any idea of how to do that how to

112
00:04:02,070 --> 00:03:59,599
you know propel something using the

113
00:04:04,470 --> 00:04:02,080
vacuum we don't know how to do that

114
00:04:06,789 --> 00:04:04,480
um and then the other thing i would say

115
00:04:08,229 --> 00:04:06,799
is gravitational waves are really

116
00:04:09,509 --> 00:04:08,239
difficult to

117
00:04:16,150 --> 00:04:09,519
excite

118
00:04:18,710 --> 00:04:16,160
it's you know in order to produce a

119
00:04:21,189 --> 00:04:18,720
meaningful level of a gravitational wave

120
00:04:24,469 --> 00:04:21,199
so that we can detect it with a

121
00:04:26,790 --> 00:04:24,479
an observatory like ligo or or the

122
00:04:30,310 --> 00:04:26,800
future observatories that we will build

123
00:04:33,030 --> 00:04:30,320
um what you read is what you need is a

124
00:04:33,749 --> 00:04:33,040
a very high concentration of of mass

125
00:04:34,950 --> 00:04:33,759
like

126
00:04:36,550 --> 00:04:34,960
you get

127
00:04:38,790 --> 00:04:36,560
in a black hole

128
00:04:41,670 --> 00:04:38,800
but the point is if you have that

129
00:04:43,110 --> 00:04:41,680
concentration of mass just the newtonian

130
00:04:45,110 --> 00:04:43,120
effect forget about gravity

131
00:04:47,350 --> 00:04:45,120
gravitational waves just the fact that

132
00:04:49,189 --> 00:04:47,360
you have this mass that is

133
00:04:51,670 --> 00:04:49,199
you know a very large mass in order to

134
00:04:52,710 --> 00:04:51,680
generate strong waves that must by

135
00:04:55,270 --> 00:04:52,720
itself

136
00:04:57,590 --> 00:04:55,280
acts on anything on earth

137
00:05:00,390 --> 00:04:57,600
using you know based on newton's law of

138
00:05:04,310 --> 00:05:00,400
gravity okay so just like the sun acts

139
00:05:05,670 --> 00:05:04,320
on us or jupiter acts on us so

140
00:05:07,350 --> 00:05:05,680
before you even worry about

141
00:05:09,430 --> 00:05:07,360
gravitational waves there would be this

142
00:05:11,189 --> 00:05:09,440
newtonian effect that would move things

143
00:05:14,950 --> 00:05:11,199
around and we would notice it because

144
00:05:16,710 --> 00:05:14,960
the oceans would show a tide and so

145
00:05:18,550 --> 00:05:16,720
don't think about gravitational waves as

146
00:05:21,029 --> 00:05:18,560
if that would be the only way we would

147
00:05:24,150 --> 00:05:21,039
learn about a massive compact object

148
00:05:26,310 --> 00:05:24,160
that you know because long before that

149
00:05:28,150 --> 00:05:26,320
uh there would be effects like on the

150
00:05:30,310 --> 00:05:28,160
oceans a tidal effect due to the

151
00:05:32,870 --> 00:05:30,320
newtonian gravity that would

152
00:05:34,469 --> 00:05:32,880
move the oceans around in a way that is

153
00:05:35,830 --> 00:05:34,479
noticeable so

154
00:05:37,749 --> 00:05:35,840
so i would

155
00:05:39,350 --> 00:05:37,759
suggest not to think about gravitational

156
00:05:41,350 --> 00:05:39,360
waves as a good

157
00:05:43,749 --> 00:05:41,360
way of detecting

158
00:05:46,230 --> 00:05:43,759
objects because there are much bigger

159
00:05:48,070 --> 00:05:46,240
effects that come into play before

160
00:05:51,110 --> 00:05:48,080
gravitation waves

161
00:05:53,270 --> 00:05:51,120
affect us or are measurable just based

162
00:05:56,629 --> 00:05:53,280
on gravity i'm saying

163
00:05:58,070 --> 00:05:56,639
there are other effects based on gravity

164
00:06:01,749 --> 00:05:58,080
that are much stronger like the

165
00:06:02,870 --> 00:06:01,759
newtonian force uh of a passing object

166
00:06:04,550 --> 00:06:02,880
so

167
00:06:08,230 --> 00:06:04,560
it's very difficult to generate

168
00:06:10,469 --> 00:06:08,240
detectable gravitational waves without

169
00:06:11,990 --> 00:06:10,479
producing a strong newtonian force

170
00:06:14,550 --> 00:06:12,000
that's my point

171
00:06:15,990 --> 00:06:14,560
so i would argue

172
00:06:18,309 --> 00:06:16,000
let's not think about gravitational

173
00:06:20,390 --> 00:06:18,319
waves as a good way to detect things we

174
00:06:21,670 --> 00:06:20,400
can use newtonian

175
00:06:25,110 --> 00:06:21,680
gravity

176
00:06:26,469 --> 00:06:25,120
to detect them much more easily and on

177
00:06:29,110 --> 00:06:26,479
top of that there are other things that

178
00:06:31,270 --> 00:06:29,120
we can observe of course using um

179
00:06:33,029 --> 00:06:31,280
light you know radiation

180
00:06:35,270 --> 00:06:33,039
either reflected of the object or